Symptoms And Behavior Therapy ( Dbt ) - 1415 Words

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is a mental health disorder often found in children. Retrospective research has found that symptoms appear as early as four years old (Lifetime). ODD is described by an angry or irritable mood, vindictiveness, or argumentative and defiant behaviors (DSM). This disorder often involves difficulties with interacting with others (DSM). Also, ODD has been associated with emotional and externalizing behaviors along with being linked with depression and conduct problems (developmental). The focus of this research is to see if Dialectical Behavior Therapy(DBT) would have positive outcome on patients diagnosed of ODD. Since ODD involves emotional and externalizing behaviors along with problems interacting with others, DBT skills training may be useful in helping patients learn appropriate ways to cope with their emotions and to properly communicate with others. These are some reasons that suggest that DBT would have positive outcomes for patients with oppos itional defiant disorder. DBT is typically used to treat adults with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). This treatment method involves multiple components: skills training, individual therapy, consultation between client and therapist outside of the session, and team meetings between the therapists involved (Overview). There have been previous adaptions of DBT that have been found effective n treating adolescents (Overview). DBT is typically used to treat adults since symptoms of BPD don’tShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Borderline Personality Disorder ( Adhd )1671 Words   |  7 Pagesof instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, (as well as) marked impulsivity (2013). Symptoms typically begin to present themselves in late adolescents and early adulthood with symptoms decreasing in severity with age. The DSM-V explains that individuals with BPD experience intense fear of abandonment, identity disturbance, suicidal and self-harm behaviors, and difficulty regulating mood, especially anger. Individuals with BPD typically experience delays in emotionalRead MoreSuicidal Adolescents863 Words   |  4 PagesDialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT). The first article was a 2010 article titled, â€Å"Dialectical Behavior Therapy in Adolescents for Suicide Prevention: Systematic Review of Clinical-Effectiveness.† The second article was published in 2011, titled â€Å"Dialectical Behavioral Therapy for Adolescents (DBT-A): A Clinical Trial for Patients with Suicidal and Self-injurious Behavior and Borderline Symptoms with a One-year Follow-up.† Third was a 2014 article titled â€Å"Dialectical Behavior Therapy for AdolescentsRead MoreLiving With Borderline Personality Disorder Essay1131 Words   |  5 Pagesof ongoing instability in moods, behavior, self-image and function ing (Borderline Personality Disorder, 2016). I wanted to know what symptoms of BPD are and Patient A stated, â€Å"symptoms of BPD are impulsive actions or behaviors, really unhealthy relationships, it’s all or nothing, there can be no in the middle with relationships, feeling alone or isolated, feeling empty, always being afraid of being abandoned, and mood swings,† (A, 2016). When researching symptoms of BPD, a lot of what Patient A saidRead MoreMedical Health Promotion And Disease Prevention Plan1467 Words   |  6 Pagestreatment plan for major depressive disorder include provide pharmacological consult, address psychosocial problems, and afford psychotherapy interventions. Psychotherapy is one of the major components in mental health treatment. It is noted as talk therapy that consists of counseling, interpersonal persuasion, psychosocial education, and personal coaching (Prochaska Norcross, 2010). Psychotherapy also carries the objectives of helping people to make therapeutic change and also to reach mutually agreed-uponRead MoreThe Dsm 5 : Bipolar And Related Disorders1693 Words   |  7 PagesCarbray McGinness (2009) address the fact that pediatric bipolar symptoms differ from adult symptoms and are often marked by rapid cycling, prominent irritability, rapid cycling and high rates of comorbidity with other disorders. There is a range of symptoms and their severity varies, but it seems to be the consensus that the core symptoms are: elation where the child may laugh hysterically or act overly happy. Grandiose behaviors where children act as if they are above rules norms. The ChildrenRead MoreDialectical Behavior Therapy As A Treatment For Borderline Personality Disorder1482 Words   |  6 PagesDialectical Behavior Therapy as a Treatment for Borderline Personality Disorder What is Borderline Personality Disorder? Personality disorders are characterized by the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) as disorders where impulsivity is the main deficit and without treatment, it acquires new symptoms as time progresses. The four core features that are prevalent in all personality disorders include dysfunctional thinkingRead MoreDialectical Behavior Therapy 833 Words   |  4 PagesDescription of Dialectical Behavior Therapy Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is a comprehensive cognitive-behavioral treatment developed by Marsha M. Linehan for the treatment of complex, difficult-to-treat mental disorders. Originally, DBT was developed to treat individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD; Carson-Wong, Rizvi, Steffel, 2013; Scheel, 2000). However, DBT has evolved into a treatment for multi-disordered individuals with BPD. In addition, DBT has been adapted forRead MoreThe Minds Of Combat Soldiers During The World War I ( Wwi )1026 Words   |  5 PagesEvidence-Based Intervention Sigmund Freud extensively studied the minds of combat soldiers during the World War I (WWI) era and was one of the first to describe symptoms associated with combat stress. Psychoanalysis had its beginnings in trauma theory and has been intimately associated with the concept of psychological trauma ever since. Psychoanalytic theory advanced military psychiatry’s understanding of post-deployment mental health problems beyond the broken brain conceptualizationRead MoreApplication Of Theory Guidelines1693 Words   |  7 Pagesfor major depressive disorders includes pharmacological consulting, analysis of psychosocial problems, and psychotherapy interventions (USPSTF, 2013). Psychotherapy is one of the major components in mental health treatment. It is noted that talk therapy consists of counseling, interpersonal persuasion, psychosocial education, and personal coaching (Prochaska Norcross, 2010). Psychotherapy also carries the objective of helping people make thera peutic changes and to also reach mutually agreed-uponRead MoreEMDR and DBT Therapy Essay971 Words   |  4 PagesEMDR therapy is to process completely the experiences that are causing problems, and to include new ones that are needed for full health. EMDR focuses on desensitizing strong emotional reactions in clients and helps them to reframe their belief systems to accommodate new emotional states. The goal of EMDR therapy is to leave you with the emotions, understanding, and perspectives that will lead to healthy and useful behaviors and interactions (Sharf, 2008). Two Strengths of the EMDR Therapy The

Music Is a Life Changer - 556 Words

Imagine you and your friends are going to a movie at the theater. You all file in and sit down just as the opening credits start. It starts out as a black screen and slowly fades into a battle scene. One knight comes into the main focus of the audience. He is lying on the ground hit and is going to die. You can hear a voice from the screen reading dramatic dialog, but that’s all you can hear. No background sounds, no instruments, and no music only voices. What would it be like? No music through a whole movie. Would it change the way you experience the movie? â€Å"Music is so powerful, it can change everything about a film.† (Bond 44-45) Music has a big purpose for being here. It can even change a life for the better or worst. Think back to when you were watching the movie with no music or sound. Would it be even worth it to stay and watch the whole film? It’s has played an important role in the history of our world. It has has been one of the things that will never change. It’s always there and will be there forever. Music is in the building blocks of are very existence. If you tried to take music away forever, some how, some way it would come back. It’s like love or goodness it’s always there now and forever. â€Å"Listen. Can you hear it? The music. I can hear it everywhere. In the wind... in the air... in the light. Its all around us. All you have to do is open yourself up. All you have to do... is listen.† (Sheridan) Music has been around for centuries. Some of the oldestShow MoreRelatedThe Nirvana Rebellion: Impact on Rock n Roll Essay1191 Words   |  5 PagesStarting in the local underground music scene, Nirvana experienced breakthrough mainstream commercial success since late 1991, until the suicide of Kurt Cobain in April 1994. During their eight-year career span, Nirvana released three studio albums, including Nevermind, which eventually established Nirvana into their stardom, and will went on to sell 30 million copies worldwide. 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First of all, the term musical poem is a bit of an oxymoron. It is trying to give lyrics a new term, but poems were never meant to be set to music. They were, and still are, meant to be a romantic way of expressing emotion. The fact that they do not have to adhere to the structures that setting them to music demands only means that the writer can put more emotion into the words. Without poetry a man would be left with â€Å"Honey I love you†, and thats it. Women like it whenRead MoreEssay about Music As Therapy1222 Words   |  5 PagesMusic As Therapy There was never a question in my mind that music possesses a strong element to help people. It has always been a stress reliever in my life. There is research that supports the belief that music is an instrumental part or impact on a wider realm of physical and mental disorders or disabilities. Music is known to set the mood or atmosphere for all types of situations. There is extensive research completed on this subject. 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Internshp on Performance Evaluation of Exim Bank Ltd Free Essays

Internship REPORT ON EXPORT IMPORT BANK LIMITED TOPIC: Performance Evaluation of EXIM Bank Ltd. Special Focus on Foreign Exchange Division Department of Business Administration Submitted by www. AssignmentPoint. We will write a custom essay sample on Internshp on Performance Evaluation of Exim Bank Ltd or any similar topic only for you Order Now com Date of Submission: 17th May2012 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL 17th May2012 To Lecturer Department of Business Administration Subject: Submission of the BBA Internship Report. Dear Madam, It is a great Pleasure for me that I have the opportunity to submit the Internship Report on performance evaluation of Export Import Bank of Bangladesh Limited special focus on foreign exchange division. The internship program gave me an opportunity to have an exposure to the working environment and on the job experience. I have acquired a good understanding on distribution channel of this multinational. I have tried my level best to put meticulous effort for the preparation of this report. Any shortcomings or fault may arise as my unintentional mistakes’ I will wholeheartedly welcome any clarification and suggestion about any view and conception disseminated through this report. Sincerely yours www. AssignmentPoint. com †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. SUPERVISOR’S CERTIFICATION This is to certify that student of department of BBA and major in Finance, has completed the Internship Report titled â€Å"Performance Evaluation of EXIM Bank Ltd. Special Focus on Foreign Exchange Division† successfully under my supervision. I wish her every success in life. Supervisor †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Lecturer Department of Business Administration Acknowledgement Allah is Almighty to mock internship report of my port of study of BBA Program. The accomplishment and completion of this report would not have been viable without the contribution of some people who took the time and effort to guide me in my report work. I deeply appreciate and value their suggestions and recommendations through the entire course of my report work. I would like to extend my heartiest thanks and my sincerest gratitude to all those who directly/ indirectly contribute to the compilation of report. I am especially grateful to my teacher, my internship supervisor. I could not prepare my Internship Report without her proper guidance and inspiration. Last but not least, I would like to give my thanks to all the members of EXIM Bank Ltd. , Panthapath Branch because working with them was such a wonderful experience in my life that I will never forget. TABLE OF CONTENTS Particular Page No |Executive Summary |VIII | | | | |CHAPTER-1 Introduction |1 | |1. 1 |Origin of the Report: |2 | |1. 2 |Objective of the Report: |2 | |1. |General objective of the Report: |2 | |1. 4 |Specific objective of the Report: |3 | |1. 5 |Scope of the Report: |3 | |1. 6 |Limitations of the Report: |4 | |1. 7 |Methodology of the Study: |4 | |1. |Sources of Information: |5 | | | | | |CHAPTER-2 Economic Conditions In Bangladesh |6 | | | | |CHAPTER- 3 Industry Analysis | | | | |CHAPTER-4 Company Analysis |12 | |4. 1 |Historical Background Of The Exim Bank |13 | |4. 2 |Vision |13 | |4. 3 |Mission |13 | |4. 4 |Objective |14 | |4. |Strategy |15 | | | | | |CHAPTER-5 The General Banking Division |16 | | | | |CHAPTER-6 Loans And Advances Department |24 | | | |25 | | | |29 | | | | | |CHAPTER-7 Foreign Exchange Department |39 | | | | |CHAPTER-8 Competitive position of Export Import Bank of Bangladesh limited with Premier Bank limited |45 | | | | |CHAPTER-9 SWOT Financial Analysis |51 | | Swot Analysis | | |Ratio Analysis | | |CHAPTER-10 Recommendation Conclusion |70 | |10. 1 |Findings |71 | |10. 2 |Recommendation |72 | |10. 3 |Conclusion |73 | | | | | Appendix |74 | |Bibliography |78 | Executive Summary Bank is a service oriented business organization. The prime goal of this organization is earning profit as another business organization. Customer service is core product of the bank. According to Bank Company Act 1991 clause 5(3) Banker means that person or institute of accepting for the purpose of lending or investment of Deposit of money from public, repayable on demand. To know your customer is the main slogan in new modern Banking System providing customer services. EXIM Bank Limited has earned a good reputation around Bangladesh. Despite competition among banks operating in Bangladesh both local and international, EXIM Bank has made remarkable progress, practically in every sphere of its activities. Export Import Bank of Bangladesh Limited is a third generation private commercial bank in the country with commendable operating performance. This study is mainly based on performance evaluation of EXIM Bank Ltd. Special focus on foreign exchange division. In order to make foreign the report more meaningful and presentable, use both the primary and secondary sources of collection information. EXIM Bank Ltd. as already established a favorable reputation in the banking industry of the country. At is one of the leading private sector commercial banks in Bangladesh. The bank has already shown a tremendous growth in the profits and deposits sectors. To get competitive advantage and to deliver quality service management can establish training institute and credit car should be introduced. The over all performance of the bank is very good according to its competitive position. Within a near future EXIM bank will be a market leader among the banks. 1. Introduction: 1. 1 Origin of the Report: In today’s world only academic education does make a student perfect to become competitive with the corporate Global business world. By doing an internship program, a student can get the opportunity to learn facing about real business world. Internship is highly needed to gain idea knowledge and experience. I am a BBA graduate from Private University in Bangladesh. It has designed its curriculum of the BBA Program such a way that the international standard graduates will be produced. After completing my 139 Credit hours I Need to go for further professional experience through Internship program in a Business organization EXIM Bank Ltd. is a place where I have learned the business dealings. This organization has created a positive image to the customer’s mind by providing better service specifically I am telling about the Panthapath Branch. This branch has introduced an exclusive modern banking system that has got high market sharing and rating in the prominent business banking avenue in Panthapath Bank way. As an BBA Internee Office I have tried to maintain the pace with the competitive business environment on official Activities Culture Philosophy Norms Styles. It should be reflect the best at any field of my Professional life; The Vice President Manger is my overall Guide Philosopher Superior. By receiving his all sorts of cordial support I have been availed the opportunity to work with this branch for three months from 10th January 2010 to 9th March 2010. I acquired idea about real business and corporate world. 1. 2 Objective of the Report: Prime objects to a large-scale study on Banking System. 1. 3 General objective of the Report: The report specification based on the overall banking performance evaluation and special focus on foreign exchange division of EXIM Bank Ltd. 1. 4 Specific objective of the Report: ? To apply theoretical knowledge in the practical field. ? To make a bridge between the theories and practical procedures of banking day-to-day operations. ? To know the different modes of scheme, in EXIM Bank. ? Trend analyses of the different scheme. ? To know the financial activity of bank. ? An overview on the major financial activity and practices of EXIM Bank ? To identify the strategies for EXIM Bank Limited, implementing in constant prosperity of the company ? Analyzing the performance trends of EXIM Bank. To give some idea about its management and organization structure ? To present and overview of EXIM Bank Ltd. ? Compare the different mode of scheme of Exim Bank with other similar bank. 1. 5 Scope of the Report: First the report presents about the current economic condition of Bangladesh and the present condition of the banking sector of our country and next it gives some ideas about EXIM Bank Ltd. Then it analyzes the performance of the bank based on financial analysis and SWOT analysis. After that, it emphasizes or foreign exchange division. By reading this report one can easily have some ideas about the performance and foreign exchange division of EXIM Bank Ltd. 1. 6 Limitations of the Report: Although there were sincere co-operation from employees of EX1M Bank Limited, Panthapath Branch, they could not manage enough time to provide the necessary information for the completion of the report. During the preparation of the report the following problems occurred that may be termed as the limitation or shortcomings of the study. Some of the limitations faced in preparing this report are: ? Confidentiality the Bank’s policy restricts disclosing some data ? Data about the performance of the bank of the year 2008 have not yet been disclosed by the bank. ? The study of such a short course of time is not free from limitation. ? The data relevant for the analysis report writing sometimes could not be collected due to excessive year-ending workload at the branch. It is too much difficult to comment and suggest based on only the annual report and information collected from written documents. ? As some assumptions were made with the help of limited information, there may be some personal mistake in the report ? It was very difficult to collect the information from various incumbents for the job restriction. 1. 7 Methodology of the Study: Although there were so many limitations, it was tried to use both the primary and secondary sources of collecting information to make the report presentable with as less abstraction as possible. 1. 8 Sources of Information: Two sources (i) Primary (ii) Secondary A. Primary data: Primary data is always known as survey data. This type of data is collected from the respondent. For this personal Interview with the offices and customers have been conducted. B. Secondary Data: Data that were published before for some other reason can be collected using internal and external sources. i) Internal secondary data: To furnish the report properly some papers has been collected from the officials of EXIM Bank Ltd. Information from annual reports journals, newspapers and other published documents have been used besides other published information about the organization, depth interview of the branch manager and second branch manager have also taken. i) External Secondary data: For better interpretation some data has been collected from Bangladesh Bank. Internet Browsing is also one source of external Secondary data. 2. ECONOMIC CONDITIONS IN BANGLADESH Bangladesh has an agrarian economy with 32% of GDP coming from the Agriculture Sector. Major agricultural p roducts are rice, jute, wheat, potato, pulses, tobacco, tea and sugarcane. . The country is the largest exporter of jute and jute goods in the world. Readymade garments are among the most exportable items. Tea, frozen shrimp, fish, leather goods and handicrafts are also major exportable commodities. The country has under gone a major shift in its economic philosophy and management in recent years. At Bangladesh’s birth, the country embraced socialism as the economic ideology with a dominant role for the public sector. But, since the mid-seventies, it undertook a major restructuring towards establishing a market economy with emphasis on private sector-led economic growth. During the nineties, the country has completed a major stabilization program which has reduced inflation as well as fiscal and current account deficits and established a healthy foreign exchange reserve position with low and sustainable debt-service liabilities. With modest economic growth, the basic indicators related to health, education and poverty have all shown sustained improvement. According to a World Bank estimate, Bangladesh has the 36th largest economy in the world in terms of GNP based on the purchasing power parity method of valuation, and the 55th largest in terms of nominal GNP in U. S. Dollars. Bangladesh economy grew on an average at above 6. 0 percent in the last four years up to FY07 . According to the provisional estimates of the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS),real GDP recorded a strong growth of 6. 5 percent in FY07,which is marginally lower than 6. 6percent recorded in FY06 . This growth was commendable as it was achieved in challenging environment marked by high and volatile oil price ,phasing out of the MFA quota, labour unrest in the garment industry and confrontational political situation of the country in the first half of FY07. With reasonable support from agriculture sector, the 6. percent real GDP growth was underpinned mainly by industry sector and services sector. The expansion was broad based, registering positive growth by all sectors and sub-sectors of the economy. Spurred by a robust 9. 5 percent growth in industry sector and 6. 7 percent growth in services sector, GDP growth during the year was also aided by 3. 2 percent growth in the agriculture sector. The domestic savings-investment gap was met with net factor income from abroad which increased by 37. 0 percent in FY07 from 4. 4 percent in FY06 reflecting higher savings growth. The domestic savings investment gap was met with net factor income from abroad which increased by 37. 0 percent in FY07. The rising trend of inflation of FY06 as measured by CPI continued in FY07 mainly due to higher prices of oil and some other imported goods in the international market, distortion in the supply side factors and demand pressure generated from excess money supply . Slower import of consumer necessities pulling their domestic prices heightened the price pressures. Annual average CPI (base FY96) inflation as of end June 2007was 7. 20 percent, compared to 7. 16 percent as of end June 2006. There was notable increase of food prices component of CPI inflation from 7. 8 percent as of end June 2006 to 8. 1 percent as of end June 2007. Maintaining a favorable investment environment and a sound macroeconomic management are important to strengthen private sector investment in the economy. In view of medium term outlook of sustainable economic growth and low inflation for world and south Asian economies and assuming continuation of prudent policies and progress in advancing structural reforms, the near and medium term economic prospects of Bangladesh appear favorable. 3. INDUSTRY ANALYSIS Bank plays an important role in this modern world. The development of industries and business sectors of a country mainly depends on good banking system. The industries and businessman are taking short and long term loan from banks. In the modern world international businesses are fully depended on banks. Without sound banking system no country can develop in international trade. Bank constitutes an important segment of the financial infrastructure of any country. The economic history of many countries reveals that economic development and growth of financial infrastructure go hand in hand. Financial system of a country is the heart of a country’s economic system as it connects suppliers of the funds and demanders of fund, which is needed to produce economic goods. It also provides a large arena of employment opportunity. As Bangladesh is containing a bank base economy, its economic development is largely depended on the development of banking sectors. Bangladesh appeared as a new nation on the world map in the year 1971. After independence financial institutions, especially banks played a vital role in re-constructing the war-torn economy of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Bank is the central bank of the country and is in charge of monetary policies of the Government and controls all commercial banks. Development and growth of our banking system may be divided into three parts. The performance of our banking system during 1972 to 1982 was commendable in respect of expending network and providing easy credit to the socially desirable sectors but equally frustrating with r egard to maintaining validity and customer services. The second phase from 1983 to 1989 was characterized by denationalization and privatization of banking system without broad-basing the prudential and information regulatory framework; however, these measures of denationalization and privatization could not bring the viability and operational efficiency of banking system. Under the above circumstances and with the recommendation of World Bank, a Financial Sector Reform Project (FSRP) was undertaken in 1989 by the government, which can be identified with third phase of the development of our banking system. The government of Bangladesh has also enacted some important acts namely financial institutions act 1993, Securities and Exchange Commission act 1993, the companies’ act 1994 and recently Bankruptcy act 1997. The present day banking structure has evolved over several decodes. The far-reaching program of economic reform is being carried out at present towards efficient utilization of scare resources and the development of private entrepreneurship. Banks are financial service firms, producing and selling professional management of the public’s fund as well as performing many other roles in the economy. Banks are those financial institutions that offer the widest rang of financial functions of any business firm in the economy. Competition is strengthened by the entry of new and innovative provides of financial services, through the development of Money market and Capital market. Money market is designed for the making of short-term loans where individuals and institutions with temporary surplus of funds meet borrowers who have temporary cash shortages. Capital market is deigned to finance long-term loans where individuals and institutions with temporary surplus of finds meet borrowers who have temporary cash shortages. Capital market is designed to finance long-term investments. Private sector commercial banks are private companies operate under the legislative framework, which covers both Company Act, and Banking Company Act, under the ongoing financial liberalization, EXIM Bank emerges as a new Bank in private sector to operate at the Banking arena of Bangladesh It is committed to provide high quality financial services/ products to contribute to the growth of GDP of the country through stimulating trade and commerce, accelerating the pace of industrialization, boosting up export, creating employment opportunity for the educated youth , poverty alleviation, raising standard of living of limited income group and overall sustainable socio-economic development of the country. 4. COMPANY ANALYSIS 4. 1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE EXIM BANK EXIM Bank- Export Import Bank of Bangladesh Ltd. was named at first as BEXIM Bank BEXIM stands for Bengal Export Import of Bangladesh. This new commercial Bank was opened in August 03, 1999 with some new innovative visions i n customer services. The Bank received the certificate of incorporate no. C-37864 (2164)/99 under the commencement of the business on the same day by the section 150(2) under companies Act. A part from the head office in Dilkusha C/A, it stared its first local branch in Motijheel C/A simultaneously in order to provide all kinds of Banking support to the clients. On December 02, 1999 the second branches both in Dhaka City and other cities. Now it has twenty-five branches in the country. 4. 2 VISION The gist of EXIM bank vision is ‘Together Towards Tomorrow’. Export Import Bank of Bangladesh Limbed believes in togetherness with its customers, in its march or the road to growth and progress with services. To achieve the desired goal, there will be pursuit of excellence at all stages with a climate of continuous improvement, because, in EXIM Bank, they believe, the line of excellence is never ending. Bank’s strategic plans and networking will strengthen its competitive edge over others in rapidly changing competitive environments. Their personalized qualities services to the customers with the trend of constant improvement will be cornerstone achieve their operational success. 4. 3 MISSION The bank has checked out the following corporate objectives in order to ensure smooth achievement of its goals- ? To be the most caring and customer friendly and service oriented bank. ? To create a technology base most efficient banking environment for its customers ? To ensure ethics and transparency in ail levels To ensure sustainable growth and establish full value of the honorable shareholders and ? Above all, to add effective contribution to the national economy Eventually the bank also emphasize on: ? Provide high quality financial services in export and import trade ? Providing efficient customer service ? Maintaining corporate and business ethics ? Being trusted repository of customers’ money and their financial adviser ? Making its products superior and rewarding to the customers ? Display team spirit and professionalism ? Sound Capital Base ? Enhancement of shareholders wealth ? Fulfilling its social commitments by expanding its charitable and humanitarian activities 4. Objective Bangladesh is now integral part of global market. As such there is an urgent requirement for Bangladesh to place the traditional banking pretties in harness with the global trades of a free market economy by following international banking customs, practices and standards. Today clients of a bank in Bangladesh are exposed as well as international markets. They have to stay update with their practice and standards to meet the demands of achieving harmony in the high standards of a free economy. EXIM Bank fully appreciates the importance and implication of the rapidly emerging competition in the banking and finance sector of Bangladesh. It intends financing its customer suited to his or her place in the market. In this regards EXIM Bank emphasizes in its employment the software aspects of human resource capability. It also emphasizes competence among its banking professional to cater to vary customer requirements to the modern time. The objectives of EXIM BANK is not only to earn profit but also to keep the social commitment and to ensure its co-operation to the person of alt level, to the businessman, industrialist specially who are engaged in establishing large-scale industry by consortium and the agro-based export oriented medium and small scale industries by self inspiration. EXIM BANK is always ready to maintain highest quality of services by upgrading banking technology prudence in management and by applying high standard of business ethic through its established commitment and heritage. EXIM BANK is committed to ensure its contribution to national economy by increasing its profitability through professional and disciplined growth strategy for its customer and by creating corporate culture in international banking area. 4. 5 Strategy In order to reach the goal it is important to build strategy and follow the policies. If it can select the appropriate strategy and choose the right policy, it will be very easy to touch its desired position. The distinguishing attribute of policy is to set the over all boundaries for activities. According to this system when the bank was started it has to decide what kind of business it is going to be in. The Bank also has to decide on its growth and communicate through am system of major objective of the business is to reach the goal, to reach the desired position from the current status. There might be a number of ways to reach there and its has to be decided which path would be easier to reach the objective. So the authority has no decided which path they select to proceed. The following figure can be explained clearly. Slogan of the EXIM Bank: â€Å"Local Bank Global Network† The world EXIM implies the meaning of its operation. Through it is a new type of Bank in Bangladesh; it is familiar with so many countries in the world such as Export Import Bank of the United States, Export Import Bank of Japan. Despite it is a local Bank, It has spread of its operation in the whole world through foreign Banking. To achieve the desired goal, it has intention to pursuit f excellence at stages with a climate of continuous improvement. Because it believes, the line of excellence is never ending. It also believes that its strategic plans and business networking will strength its competitive edge over in rapidly changing competitive environment. It motto I to provide quality service to the customers all over the world so, the slogan of the Bank â€Å"Local Bank Global Network† is completely adjustable with its operation. THE GENERAL BANKING DIVISION Internship has provided the opportunity to coordinate the theoretical knowledge that one has gathered in MBA Class with the practical field. Although three months is not a very long period to learn the whole thing that usually occurs in an organization. The supervisor divided this report into three parts. 1) The general banking department 2) The Investment department 3) The foreign Exchange department. Learning experience from General Banking Division: The main business of this Division is dealing with Deposit. There are two types of Deposit in this Branch and General Banking division as the following section: 1. Deposit section 2. Account Section 3. Remittance section 4. Clearing section 5. Customer Service section 6. Cash section and 7. Information Technology section Task I Handled in this Division is 1. Opening Accounts 2. Opening Monthly saving scheme, 3. Modaraba Term Deposit Account Current 4. Deposit foreign current Deposit Account 5. Modarada short notice Deposit (STD). 6. Fixed Deposit, Steady Money. 7. Demand Draft (D. D) 8. Telegraphic Transfer (T. T) 9. Payment Order (P/O) 10. Travelers Check (T. C) 1. Issuing Check. Pay Order (PO): Pay order is one kind of unconditional promissory note or instrument that is issued by the Bank to the customer. The difference between check and pay order is the mode of encasement. Demand Draft: Demand Drafts are made for the transfer of money from one place to another in the form of chequ es through a particular Bank, which can be ensued right way. The Bank issues DD for their outer district branches. Telegraph/ Telephone Transfer: When a certain amount of money is asked by the client to transfer from one branch to another than it is called telegraph/ telephone transfer. For TT, there is a particular from. When the form is filled up properly and deposits the amount by the applicant, the authorized officer issued a cost memo to the application for their confirmation. lssuing cheques Books: Checkbook issue is a very sensitive because most of the fraud occurs through this checkbook. Customer requiring check books to fill out requisition ship. For saving accounts 10 pages check book issued and CD/SOD/ CC accounts issued 25 and 50 pages checkbook. Cash Section: In clearing section the work is to clear the cheques, DD’s and PO’s through Bangladesh Bank that are submitted for cash collection. Everyday morning House another in the evening called return house. In the hose all the Banks representative sit together and exchanges their money receive instrument of their particular bank to clear the paper and transfer to money the paper partlcular accounts. Type of Clearing: There is two type of clearing 1) In-Ward 2) Out –Ward In- ward: Those Cheques or instrument of EXIM, which are submitted to other banks for collections are called In – Ward Clearing. Out- Ward: The cheques of other banks that are submitted to the EXIM for collections are called out-ward Clearing. Cash Section: Cash is the main element of all financial activities. The cash section of any branch plays very significant role. It’s very sensitive place of the branch, because it deals with most liquid assets. The EXIM Bank Mirpur Branch has an equipped cash section. This section receives cash from depositors/Client and pays cash against cheques draft, payment order and pay to slip over the counter This section deals with all type as of negotiable instruments and in includes volt. Used as the store of cash instrument, the main functions of the sections are cash receipt and cash disbursement. Accounts Opening Section: This section deals with opening of different types of accounts. It is also deals with issuing of books and different deposit boos to the different accounts opener. A customer can open different types of accounts through this department such as: l. Current Account 2. Saving Account 3. Fixed deposit account (FDR) 4. Short term Deposit (STD) 5. Monthly saving Scheme (Money Grover) 6. Monthly income scheme (Steady money) 7. Smart saver Scheme 8. Multi plus saving Account 9. Super saving scheme 10. Education saving scheme EXIM Bank gives special importance various deposit schemes are: l. Monthly saving Scheme (money Grower) 2. Monthly income scheme (Steady Money) 3. Multi plus savings A/C 4 Super saving scheme 5. Double benefit Scheme 6. Smart saver Scheme 7. And Education saving Scheme Types of Accounts with Terms and Conditions Current (CD) Account: Current account is purely a demand deposit account. There is no restriction on withdrawing money from the account. It is basically justified when funds are to be collected and money is to be paid at frequent interval. Some Important Points are as follows- †¢ Minimum opening deposit of TK. 1000/- is required; †¢ There is no withdrawal limit. †¢ No interest is given upon the deposited money; †¢ Minimum Tk. 1000/= balance must always maintain all the time. Savings (SB) Account: The bank provides savings account services for the ease of its clients. It offers both personal and corporate Savings Account to its clients in every branch. Hence, there is a restriction on withdrawals in a month. Heavy withdrawals are permitted only against prior notice. Some Important Points are as follows- Minimum opening deposit of Tk. 5000/= is required; †¢ Minimum Tk. 1000/= balance must always maintain all the time; †¢ Withdrawal amount should not be more than 1/4th of the total balance at a time and limit twice in a month. †¢ If withdrawal amount exceed 1/4th of the total balance at a time no interest is given upon the deposited money for that month. †¢ The current rate on deposit amount is 6%. †¢ Closing of saving accounts will cost 300tk to a customer. Short Term Deposit (STD) Account: Normally various big companies, organizations, Government Departments keep money in STD account. Frequent withdrawal is discouraged and requires prior notice. The deposit should be kept for at least seven days to get interest. The interest offered for STD is less than that of savings deposit. Interest is calculated based on daily minimum product and paid two times in a year. Interest rate is 4. 50%. Call Deposits (Money at Call): Sometime the banker secures funds from the money markets usually from other bankers against receipt to meet his purely tepmorary shortage of funds. These debts are repayable immediately at call. When the money market is tight such derosits attract higher rate of interst and then to be treated as banker’s borrowings as call loans. Account opening: To dill with the bank individuals need to have an account first. The particulars are essential for identification of the account holders individually so that the banker can discharge his obligations to every one correctly and to the extent due. Documents required for opening account ? Individual / Joint Account: 1. Introduction of the account. 2. Two photographs of the signatories duly attested by the introducer. 3. Identity (copy of passport). 4. Joint Declaration Form (For joint a/c only). 5. Employee’s Certificate (in case of service holder). ? Partnership account: 1. Introduction of the account. 2. Two photographs of the signatories duly attested by the introducer. 3. Partnership letter duly signed by all partners (Sign should be similar as stated in Partnership Deed). 4. Partnership Deed duly certified by Notary public. 5. Registration (If any). 6. Updated Trade license. ? Proprietorship account: 1. Introduction of the account. 2. Two photographs of the signatories duly attested by the introducer. 3. Valid copy of Trade License. 4. Rubber stamp. 5. TIN number certificate. 6. Identity (Copy of passport). 7. Permission letter from DC/ Magistrate (in case of newspaper) 8. ? Limited company: 1. Introduction of the account. 2. Two photographs of the signatories duly attested by the Introducer. 3. Valid copy of Trade License. 4. Board resolution of opening A/C duly certified by the Chairman/Managing Director. 5. Certificate of Incorporation. 6. Certificate of Commencement (In case of Public limited company). 7. Certified (joint stock) true copy of the Memorandum and Article of Association of the Company duly attested by Chairman or Managing Director. 8. List of directors along with designation specimen signature. 9. Latest certified copy of Form – xii (to be certified by register of joint stock companies) (In case of Directorship change). 10. Rubber Stamp (Seal with designation of each person) 11. Certificate of registration (In case of Insurance Company – Obtained from department of Insurance from the Peoples Republic of BD). ? Club / societies account: 1. Introduction of the account. 2. Two photographs of the Signatories duly attested by the introducer. 3. Board Resolution for Opening A/C duly certified by President/ Secretary. 4. List of Existing Managing Committee. 5. Registration (if any). 6. Rubber Stamp. 7. Permission letter from Bureau of N. G. O. (In case of N. G. O. A/C). Savings Scheme; †¢ Monthly Income Scheme †¢ Multiplus Savings †¢ Smart saver †¢ Super Saving Scheme †¢ Monthly Savings Scheme (Money Grower) †¢ Hajj Scheme Finance/Loans: †¢ Corporate Finance †¢ Industrial Finance †¢ Lease Finance †¢ Hire Purchase Finance †¢ Commercial Loans †¢ Project Finance †¢ Syndicate Loans †¢ Retail Loans †¢ Mortgage Loans †¢ Loan against Share and Securities †¢ Account Opening Procedures: Step 1 | | | |The account should be properly introduced by Any one of the following: | | |An existing Current Account holder of the Bank. | | |Officials of the Bank not below the rank of an Assista nt officer. | | |A respectable person of the locality well known to the Manager/Sub-Manager of the Branch concerned. | |Step 2 | | | |Receiving filled up application in bank’s prescribed form mentioning what type of account is desired to be | | |opened. |Step 3 | | | |The form is filled up by the applicant himself / herself | | |Two copies of passport size photographs from individual are taken, in case of firms photographs of all | | |partners are taken | | |Applicants must submit required documents | | |Application must sign specimen signature sheet and give mandate | | |Introducer’s signature and accounts number – verified by legal officer | |Step 4 | | | |Authorized Officer accepts the application | |Step 5 | | | |Minimum balance is deposited – only cash is accepted | |Step 6 | | | |Account is opened and a Cheque book and pay-in-slip book is given | Account Sections: Daily function: The routine daily tasks of the accounts department are as follow s: 1. Recording the daily transactions in the cash book 2. Recording the daily transactions in general and subsidiary ledgers 3. Preparing the daily position of the branch comprising of deposit and cash 4. Preparing the daily statement of affairs showing all the assists and liability of the branch as per ledger and subsidiary leader separately. 5. Making payment of all expenses of the Branch 6. Recording inters branch fund transfer and providing accounting treatment in this regard. 7. Checking whether all the vouchers are correctly passed to ensure the Conformity with the Activity Report; if otherwise making it correct by calling the respective official to rectify the voucher. 8. Recording of the vouchers in the Voucher Register 9. Packing of the correct vouchers according to the debit voucher and the credit voucher. Periodical Tasks: The routine periodical tasks performed by the department are as follows. 1. Preparing the monthly salary statements for the employees 2. Publishing the basic data of the branch 3. Preparing the weekly position for the branch this is sent to the Head Office to maintain Cast Reserve requirement 4. Preparing the monthly position for the branch, this is sent to the Head office to maintain statuary liquidity requirement. 5. Preparing the weekly position for the branch comprising of the break up of sector wise deposit, credit etc. 6. Preparing the weekly position for the branch comprising of the denomination wise statement of cash in tills. 7. Preparing the budget for the branch by fixing the target regarding profit and deposit so as to take necessary steps to general and mobilize deposit 8. Preparing an Extract’ which is a summary of all the transactions of the Head Office account with the branch to reconcile all the transaction held among the accounts of all the branches. General Account: General account is important one, which has to be maintained by each branch. Indeed general account is are record of Oregonian and responding transactions among inter- branches of the same bank. All types of assets and liabilities of one branch with another one are settled through this account. Branch can know how much the bank is liable with Head Office. The debit and credit balance shows assets and liabilities of the respective branch. Statement or Affairs: Accounts section prepares the statement of affairs for finding the profit/ loss as well as amount of assets and liabilities of concerned branch per day Theoretically, it is called financial statement and has tow parts: 1. Income and Expenditure Account 2. Statement of Assets and Liabilities Amortization and Depreciation: Amortization is the allocation of the cost of an intangible asset to expense for example, prepaid expenditure, prepaid insurance and good will etc Amortization schedule is determined by the decision of management. Establishment: This section deals with employee’s salary, much type of internal expenses such as purchase of pen, paper equipment, machinery and payment of labor Cost and employee conveyance. In cause of leave of absence employee collects prescribed from this section. LOANS AND ADVANCES DEPARTMENT Introduction: Banking is essentially a business dealing organization with money and credit like all other business activates. Banks are profit-oriented organization. A bank invites its find many ways to earn more and more profit and most of its income is derived from loans and advances. Bank makes loans and advances to traders, Businesspersons, industrialists and many other persons against security of some cautions policy and sound lending principle in the matter of lending. EXIM Bank is a lending bank in loans and advances and it grant loans in various sectors especially in industry, trade and commerce. Types of loans and advances: There may be different types of loans and advance given from the commercial banks such as EXIM Bank Ltd. Of our country. Loans and advances may be in the following types: 1. Cash credit 2. Overdraft 3. House Building loan (General and Staff) 4. Transportation (Car) loan (only for senior staff) 5. Consumer credit Scheme 6. Loan against Imported Merchandise (LIM) 7. Loan Bills purchases Documentary (LBPD) 8. Loan against Other Securities (LAOS) 9. Term Loan Brief Idea about the different types of loans and advance: Cash Credit (CC): Cash credit is an arrangement by which the customer is allowed to borrow May up to a creation limit. This permanent arrangement and the customers need not to draw the sanctioned amount of money at a time. The borrower can draw the money when required. The borrower can put back any surplus, amount, which he/she may he affect frequently. Intersect is charged only to the amount with drawn and not he whore amount sanctioned cash credit arrangement is usually divide into two ways such as: 1. Cash credit pledge 2. Cash credit hypothecation Cash Credit Pledge: In case of cash credit pledge possession of the goods dealings to bank and ownership of the of the goods belongs to borrower and bank the possessions of the goods as primary security. The goods storied in go down under lock and key by direct supervision of the bank. If the borrower wants to sell any potion of the pledged goods he/she permission of bank with returning the value of the loan amount. It is therefore regarded as the most secured type of advance. Cash Credit hypothecation: In case of cash Credit hypothecation possession of the goods not transferred to the bank and therefore such and advance is no better than a clean loan, such an advance can thus only be granted to a person in whose integrity the barked has full confidence cash credit in the form of Hypothecation is normally accompanied with mortgagee of immovable properties. The pray/ borrower possesses the lock and key of the down. The Formalities of opening cash Credit: There intending cash credit holder should submit the following documents and being fill up properly: 1. Stock repot, rend receipt 2. Trade license 3. Up to date income tax clearings certificate 4. Charge documents 5. Letter of Continuity 6. Letter of arrangement 7. DP (Demand Promissory) note 8. Letter of guarantee 9. Letter lien 10. Limit sanction advice 11. Non-Encumbrance Certificate Observing the documents the bank authority prepares a cc proposal from that contains the following information: 1. Nature of business 2. Banking with EXIM 3. Transition with CD account by the client 4. Allied deposit with SB/STD account. 5. Number of adjustment (s) how many times the CC holder made his/her Account nil that means debit balance equal to credit balance. 6. Recycling it is ration of total credit summation to the limit. If the ratio is Higher it is better from banker’s points of view. 7. Turn over in the account 8. By the encasement authority the bank holds the power to encase the FDR the encasement authority at any time in case borrower’s failure to repay the loan amount with interest in due time. Based in the above-mentioned information the dealing officer of the loans and advances department prepares recommendation about the prospect of granting the CC loan to the client. Overdraft: Overdraft is an arrangement between the banker and the customer by which the letter is allowed to withdraw over his/her credit balance in the current account up to an agreed limit. The borrower is permitted for draw and repays any number of times, provided he total amount overdrawn dose not exceeds the agreed limit. Here the interest is charged only for the amount withdrawn over the limit. Not for the whole amount. Overdraft is divided into tow categories:  ¦ Secured overdraft (SOD)  ¦ Temporary overdraft (TOD) Secured overdraft: It is allowed against the full security (i. e. FDR, ICB unit Certificates). Temporary Overdraft: It is allowed to the customer for a very short period of time. But EXIM bank deals only secured overdraft. Car Loans: This is a special type of loan, which is only provided for the staff of EXIM Bank. Usually AVP and above level officers get this kind facility. This loan is reimbursed on instrument basis and repayable after each month. House Building loan (General and Staff): General house building loan is providing into two sectors:  ¦ Generally  ¦ Staff Naturally house building loan is paid for the construction of commercial building, and owners etc, procedures for sanctioning house- building loan as follows:-  ¦ Application for sectioning loan  ¦ Application properly filled up for credit facilities supplied by the bank.  ¦ Personal net worth statement each director  ¦ Enquiry form Required papers for sanctioning HB loan:  ¦ Copy of general power of attorney  ¦ Copy of material certificate Copy of engineer’s estimate  ¦ Copy of projected cash flow Loan (General): In case of loan the banks sanction some of money for a certain period of time. The enter amount is one time disbursement and paid in cash or credit loan A/C. The interest is charged on full sanc tioned amount @16%. The bank generally sanctions loan to establish industry. These types of loan are granted for capital expenditure such as purchase of land, constriction of factory building, purchase of new machinery and modernization of plant. The borrower cannot withdraw this type of loan once repaid in full or in part again. Formalities for extending project loan: Loan application form: After receiving the loan application from the borrower the branch scrutinizes the application whether it is viable or not. Loan application from contains the following particulars amongst other detail below:  ¦ Particular description of the Project.  ¦ Nature of the Project  ¦ Detail information about the borrower  ¦ Statements of assets and liabilities of the borrower with declaration  ¦ Detail information about proposed products, machinates and manpower etc  ¦ Project cost and source of fund.  ¦ Market for the proposed project. Feasibility report: This report is provided by the borrower, which includes the following aspects of the project:  ¦ Marketing aspect  ¦ Technical aspect financial aspect  ¦ Managing aspect  ¦ Socio-economic aspect 1) Classification Procedure 1. Categories of Loans- At first all loans and advances will be grouped into four categories for the purpose of classification, such as- (a) Continuous Loans (b) Demand Loans (c) Fixed Term Loans and (d) Short Term and Agriculture Micro Credit. (a) Continuous Loans : The loan A/C in which transaction may be made within a certain limit and have an expiry date for full adjustment will be treated as continuous loan. Exp CC, OD etc. (b) Demand Loans: The loan that becomes repayable by the party on demand by his bank will be treated as demand loans. If any contingent or any other liabilities are turned into forced loan will also be treated as demand loan. Exp. LIM, PAD, FBP, IBP etc. (c) Fixed Term Loans: The loan which is repayable with in the specific time period under a pacific repayment schedule will be treated as Fixed Term Loans. d) Short Term Agriculture Micro Credit: Short Term Agricultural Credit will be as per list issued by Agricultural Credit and Specialized Programmers Departm ent (ACSPD) of Bangladesh Bank under the Agricultural Credit Programmed. Credit in the Agricultural sector repayable within 1(one) year will also be included herein. Short Term Micro Credit includes any micro credit not exceeding TK. 25,000. 00 and repayable within 12 months. 2) Basis for Loan Classification: (A) Objective Criteria (1) Past due/ over due: In this point we saw four factors those are; a) Any continuous loan if not repaid / renewed within the fixed expiry date for repayment be treated as past due/ overdue from the following day of the expiry date. ny demands loan if not repaid/ rescheduled within the fixed expiry date will be treated as past due/ overdue from the following day of the expiry date. b) In case any installment of a fixed term loan (repayable within fives) is not repaid within the fixed expiry date, the amount of unpaid installment will be treated as past due/ overdue (defaulted instilment) from the following day of the expiry date of the particular install ment. c) Incase of any installment or part installment of a Fixed Term Loan (repayable over five years) is not repaid within the fixed expiry date, the amount of unpaid installment will be treated as past due/ overdue after 6(six) months of the expiry date of that particular installment. ) The Short Term Agriculture Micro Credit if not repaid within the fixed expiry date for repayment will be considered as past due/ over due (defaulted instilment) after 6(six) month of the expiry date. (B) Qualitative Judgment; If any uncertainty or doubt arises in respect of recovery of any continuous, Demand or Term Loans the same will have to be classified as Sub- Standard or Doubtful or Bad/ Loss. Considering the merit of the A/C on the basis of qualitative judgment be it classified or not on the basis of objective criteria. The Bank will classify on the basis of qualitative judgment and can be- classify loans if qualitative improvement does occur. But if a loan classified by Bangladesh Bank inspection Team, the same can be de- classified with the approval of the Board of Directors of the Banks. CIB Report: Before making credit report to the head office the lending branch takes the credit information to the borrower from the CIB (credit Information Bureau) of Bangladesh Bank and other financial institutions. For obtaining this report the branch sends Inquiry form’ to CIB duly filled in particulars of the borrower. The report id divided into 5 segments. Project appraisal: It is the reinvestment analysis done by Banker before a project is approved. Project appraisal in the Banking sector is needed for following reasons:  ¦To ensue repayment of the Bank finance To achieve the organizational goals  ¦To establish industrialists in a country. The main tasks of the project appraisal is to justify the soundness of an investment by the Banker by means of a capital and systematic of the different elements of the Project For th is purpose Banks use two types of analysis:  ¦Lending Risk Analysis (LRA)  ¦Spread Sheet Analysis (SSA) Lending risk analysis: Lending risk analysis is modern methodologies, which describes how to access the risks that are inherent any credit extension and how to access the likelihood that the customer will repay a loan. The LRA form contains 16 pages to analysis different categories of Risks. The Financial Sector Reform project introduces the lending Risk analysis format in 1993. LRA is a standardize format for analyzing the credit worthiness of a borrower and the likelihood that the borrow will repay. Bangladesh bank issued a letter number BCD (p) 611/13/290 dated 17-07-1994, which now makes it mandatory for the commercial Banks to implement the LRA approach to credit analysis prior to extending credit facilities to a Borrower. The modern concept of lending is purpose and production oriented and not security oriented. The emphasis should be given not any security rather on he likelihood of repayment, the credit worthiness of the customer soundness and viability of the business etc. Lending Principles The Principle of lending is a collection of certain accepted time tested standards, which ensure the proper use of Investment fund in a profitable way and its timely recovery. Different authors describe different principles for sound lending. 1. Safety 2. Security 3. Liquidity 4. Adequate yield 5. Diversity Process of Investment |Heads |Characteristics | |Application |Applicant applies for the Investment in the prescribed form of the bank describing the types | | |and purpose of Investment. |Sanction |Collecting credit information about the applicant to determine the credit worthiness of the | | |borrower. Sources of information | | |Personal Investigation, Confidential Report from other bank, Head Office/Branch/Chamber of | | |Commerce. | | |CIB (Central Information Bureau) report from Central Bank. | | |Evaluation of compliance with its lending policy. | | |Evaluating the proposed security. | | |LRA is must for the Investment exceeding one crore – as ordered by Bangladesh Bank. | |If everything is in accordance the Investment is sanctioned | |Documentation |Then bank prepare a Investment proposal which contains terms and conditions of Investment for | | |approval of H. O. or Manager. | | |Takes the necessary papers and signatures from borrower | |Disbursement |An Investment Account is opened. Where customer | | |A/C—————————————————————————————Dr. | | |Respective Investment A/C —————————————-Cr. | FOREIGN EXCHANGE DEPARTMENT Introduction: One of the largest businesses carried out by the commercial bank is foreign trading. The trade among various countries fills for close link between the parties dealing in trade. The situation calls for expertise in the field of foreign exchange operations. The bank, which provides such operations refereed to as rending international Banking operation. Mainly trisections with overseas countries are respects of import, export and foreign remittance come under the preview of foreign exchange transaction, and international trade demands a flow of goods from seller to buyer of payment from buyer to seller. In this case the Bank plays a vital role to bridge between the buyer and seller. Foreign Exchange Mechanism in Flow Chart: Sales/Purchase contract Issues L/C Forward Forward documents Makes payment Makes payment Foreign Exchange department of EXIM Bank is department of all departments. This department handles various types of activates by three separate sections: 1. Import Section 2. Export section 3. Foreign Remittance. Import Section: The functions are of the section is mainly to deal with various components such as  ¦ Letter of Credit (L/C)  ¦ Payment against Document (PAD)  ¦ Payment against Trust Receipt (PTR)  ¦ Loan against Imported Merchandise (LIM) Letter of Credit (L/C): Definition: A letter of credit can be defined as an arrangement where in a Bank Guarantee on behalf of these customers to make payments to the beneficiary upon presentation of documents specified in the credit. Parties involved in L/C: Opener/ Buyer/Importer: The person who opens the L/C is known as opener/ buyer/importer of the L/C. The buyer and the seller conclude a sales contract providing for payment by documentary credit. 0pening Bank: The Bank issuing the L/C in favor of exporter is known as opening Bank. The opening bank opens L/C on request of importer according to application of the importer. Advising Bank: The Bank through L/C is advised their agent (correspondent Bank) abroad. The duty of the advising Bank is to authenticate the message so that is to the seller can act on it without any fear of forgery etc. Beneficiary: Seller and exporter in whose favor the L/C are opened. The beneficiary is normally the seller of good who receive payment under documentary credit. If has compiled with terms and conditions thereof. Negotiating Bank: The Bank that is authorized to handle (purchase) the documents under the L/C in the exporting country is known as negotiating Bank. L/C will stipulate either a notified bank to negotiate (restricted L/C) or any bank can negotiate in the seller’s country (unrestricted L/C). Reimbursing Bank: The Bank that is (by the L/C issuing Bank) to effect reimbursement is known as reimbursing bank. Reimbursing Bank authorized to honor the reimbursement claims in settlement of negotiation/ accepting/ payments lodged with its by the paying/ negotiating/ accepting Bank. Confirming Bank: A Confirming Bank is one which adds the guarantee to the credit opened by another bank. Therese undertaking the responsibility of payment/ negotiating/ acceptance under the credit in addition to that of the issuing Bank. A confirming Bank normally does so it requested by the issuing Bank. Types of L/C: – Revocable/ irrevocable L/C – Confirmed/ unconfirmed L/C. – Transferable L/C – Back to back L/C – Acceptance L/C – Revolving L/C – Red clause L/C – Green close L/C The EXIM Bank basically deals with irrevocable L/c. which can not be amended or cancelled by the issuing Bank at any moment and without prior to the beneficiary. It also deals back to back L/C, which is the letter of credit, provided by the exporter to the import the raw materials from abroad in order to produce the exportable commodity for the importer. Procedures for opening L/C: Application for opening L/C: An importer who is desirous to import goods from foreign country will apply Issuing Bank for opening a L/C. The importer will provide an application mentioning the following aspects: 0 Full particulars of applications Bank account. 0 Types of business 0 Historical background 0 Amount of required L/C limit 0 Amount of L/C margin. 0 Term of payment 0 Name of imported goods 0 Repayment schedule and source of fund Document schedule and source of fund. An importer or L/C opener has to submit the following documents 0 Application from (provided by the Bank) 0 Import registration certificate 0 Pro-forma invoice 0 Four sets of IMP from 0 Insurance cover not 0 VAT registration number 0 Tex registration number 0 Letter of credit authorization form Examination for opening L/C: Application must be carefully checked by the concerned officer considering the facts mentioning below: ? The terms and conditions of L/C applications are consistent with exchange control and import trade resolution UCPDC 500. ?Illegibility of imported goods ?The L/C must be opened in favor of importer ?That is signed by the importer and agreed with the terms and conditions. Indenting registration number ?Goods are not of Israel and vassals to be used are not of Israel ? Insurance cover note with date of shipment. ?Whether RC is up to date or not ?Whether IMP form is duly filled up and singed ?The imported goods are marketable After scrutinizing all thee legal aspec ts necessary entry is given to the margin register and charge, commission and margin in realized. Transmitting the L/C: The L/C is transmitted to the advising Bank for advising the L/C to he beneficiary. L/C is generally transmitted through tested Telex of Fax. Before transmission of final examination of the L/C contents is How to cite Internshp on Performance Evaluation of Exim Bank Ltd, Essay examples

Business Corporation and Law Breach Repudiation

Question: Describe about the Business Corporation and Law for Breach Repudiation. Answer: 1. Introduction Australian Contract Law can be divided in five groups namely formation, scope content, avoidance, performance termination and remedies. A contract is often a promise or a deal made between two parties and agreed accordingly, which also legally valid under the Australian Contract Law by including all the clauses and criteria in it. Here, promise refers to a task that an individual ensure to perform in return of money or any other assets from the other person included in the contract (1Julie Clarke, 2010). Discussion In the provided case scenario, it has been apparent that Richard and his father entered into a contract, wherein Richard has agreed to mow the front and the backyard along with gardening. In return of the task, Richards father has promised him to pay $200 every week as an allowance for his hard work. However, after four weeks Richardss father stated that he is unable to pay $200 in weekly basis as per the deal as well as according to him Richard should do all the works for free as he is a part of the family and also gets free lodging. Taking the reverence from the Australian Contract Law, it can be stated that Richard and his father has agreed upon a verbal contract, wherein no documentation process have been completed. According to the Australian Contract Law, verbal contracts cannot be sorted in proper manner due to lack of evidences, which make the contract more time consuming and vague. However, verbal agreements can be legally binded in certain circumstances, which is not applicable in all cases. As per the legislation, an agreement between two parties can be said as a contract only after satisfying the criteria of a legal agreement or contract among which offer and acceptance, aim to bind the agreement legally and exchange in return of the transaction are the most essential element. Therefore, it can be stated that both the parties need to agree with the terms and conditions and have the intention to legally bind the agreement (Gulati, 2011). In this regard, considerations mostly include payment of money for the services provided by one party to another. The Australian Contract Law, in most cases prefer written contracts as verbal contracts are often hard to confirm, which make it more challenging and time consuming. The parties involved in the contract must also need to provide evidences for proving the existence of the contract in case of any illegal situation such as breach of contract (Thomson Reuters, 2016). In the current decades, fraud has become a common factor for which verbal contract might face some problems even though agreements are considered to be effective, due to lack of evidences the parties might violate the clauses. The key problem related to the verbal contracts is that it is hard to prove in regards to the fulfillments of the terms and conditions. It may happen that people in an agreement may forget, what they have promised to each other. In this regard, verbal contract has a disadvantage in comparison to legal or written contract. Therefore, it is necessary to follow the principles that make a contract legally binded. These principles include agreement, consideration, intention, capacity and legality among others (Pearson, 2009). Contract law is based on law principles, which are often changed by legislation (The Government of South Australia, 2016). Referring to the case situation, the contract between Richard and his father is verbal with no legal contact. After the c ontract is made between two parties, it is bound that the parties carry out to fulfill the terms and conditions of the contract. In case one of the parties violates the agreements in the contract, the other party involved can recover losses from the first party as per the law (NSW Government, 2015). Unable to fulfill the contact may be considered as a breach. A violation occurs, when one party fails to perform contractual responsibilities as per the contract. If a contract is breached by one party, the second party is liable to get compensation for the damages (Grace Grace, 2010). The second party in time of breach can activate their rights under the contact. A breach in contact may also deprive the right to enforce to perform the activities (Bennett, 2012), as in case of Richard and his father. Referring to the case scenario, Richards father failing to pay Richard for the work that he has performed can be seen as a breach of contract. Conclusion Based on the understanding obtained from the case scenario and the criteria of contract law, it has been evident that the contract between Richard and his father cannot be considered as a business agreement, as it is just a verbal agreement between a father and son. In this context, it can also be affirmed that Richard mowed the front and backyard of his house, so he can get weekly allowance of $200. This, in turn, enabled his father to get a clear yard as well as well maintained garden. Thus, it is purely a deal within the family members regarding the task of cleaning own house. In regards to family matter Richard cannot sue his father for a weekly allowance, as it is a verbal agreement without even entering into a contract by legally binding the same. From a different perspective, mowing the yards and maintaining the garden can also be considered as one of the duties or responsibilities of Richard. Therefore, it is observed that as there is no legal contract between Richard and his father, he cannot say that the contract has been beached and acquire for the loss. Based on the theoretical understanding, a contact is said to be valid only if it fulfills all the principles or criteria of contracts, which include capacity, legality, consideration and intention. Although it can been that consideration has been a part of the verbal contract between Richard and his father, regarding payment as return of the work does not completely fulfill the principles of the contract under the Australian Contact Law. Thus, Richard cannot consider the agreement as prevail or to be legal, as it does not fulfill all the requirements of contract based on verbal agreement between a son and father, thus Richard should help his father in mowing of the yards considering his responsibility towards his home and he can request a least amount as weekly allowance as per the affordability of his father. 2. Introduction A contract is said to be more important and valid than just an agreement between two parties or individuals based on mutual terms and conditions (Fitzroy Legal Service Inc, 2016). Based on the provided case situation, it is apparent that Joe, who is an actor, has entered in a contract with Frre Bros for the period of five years. Joe agreed to the terms and conditions of not acting for any other companies during that particular period. However, on the first year of the contract, Joe entered into another contract to star in a film with Pretty Pictures. Considering the case, Joe and Frre Bros have signed a legal contract, which provides the right for the company to sue Joe for violating the contract of providing services only to them for a particular period. Discussion Exclusive contracts can be forced on both the parties those are involved in the contact. Business law also comprises of other laws that sets out responsibilities, rights and duties of people involved in the business. This law helps in maintaining the interests of the producer, seller and buyers towards a business. It further controls the transaction of the business under the Australian contract law, which describes the circumstances, when an agreement becomes legally valid as a contract. In this regard, it can be stated that the term law refers to a set of principles that often formulated by governing bodies such as Courts and Parliament (Kluwer, 2015). Exclusive contract can defined as a contract, which is between two parties for a specific period in which one party pays the other party for their exclusive services. It is a contract that has been given to an individual or a group for providing exclusive services to the other party (Chamberlin, 2014). Here in Joes case, he has agreed to provide exclusive services to Frre Bros initially and entered into the contract. Exclusive contracts are said to be legal only if it does not restrain competition. Exclusive can be various types, including purchase and sales contract, representation agreements and publishing contracts among which Joes case considered under the representation agreement. A representation agreement is a type of contact, which allows representation of athletes or artists by agents. For instance, a singer represented by an agent can be managed by other agents. In such cases, the contract cannot be terminated even if the athletes and artists are unhappy with the services o f the agents (Ozyasar, 2016). Thus, from this perspective, it can be affirmed that the contract between Joe and Frre Bros can be treated under Representation agreement and the company can apply lawsuit accordingly. Remedies The key remedy in case of violation of contract is demand for compensation or damages suffered by the victim. In case of breach of contract, the other party has options either to perform or to pay for damages. However, an individual can only claim the damages if the suffering party proves that there has been a breach in the contract that has led to financial loss (Oxford University Press, 2016).There are two components of breach of contract, which are injunctions and performance. Specific performance includes performing of the tasks that has been ordered by the court for breaching the contract. In this regard, it is worth mentioning that specific performance can only be ordered, if the damages fail to compensate the suffering party including personal services, while on the other hand, injunctions are orders, which are directed to the breaching party not to act (2Julie Clarke, 2010). In case of breach of contract, the first thing that will be focused is the clauses of the contract, which contains terms and conditions during occurrence of breach. In this context the case Warner Brothers Pictures v. Nelson, [1937] 1 KB 209(Duhaime, 2007) can be considered as an ideal example, wherein the actor Bette Davis (Nelson) had agreed to an exclusive contract for two years with Warner Brothers Pictures, wherein it was mentioned that Bette cannot act for other companies, but she violated the contact and agreed to act for another company within the period of two years. Warner Brothers in turn sought an injunction in order to prevent Bette to enter into other contacts, wherein no specific performance would be ordered (Duhaime, 2007). Taking the reference from this case outcome and the provided case situation, it is therefore suggested to the Frre Bros that it can sue the actor and appeal the court sought injunction to prevent Joe for acting or entering into a contract with the Pretty Pictures. IRAC IRAC stands for issues, rules, application and conclusion (California State University, 2016). Based on the case situation, it is observed that the issue referring to the case is breaching of contract. Joe has entered into the contract with Frre Bros for five years and agreed to exclusively work for them, wherein he has agreed to the fact that he will not act for any other companies. Thus, the key issue is that even after being in a contract with Frre Bros, he signed another contract with Pretty Pictures, thus breaching the previous contract. Frre Bros can represent the case in front of the court. Concerning the rules in such situation, it can be affirmed that Frre Bros can consider the case under the Australian Contract Law, which includes six principle of contract namely offer and acceptance, intention, consideration, legal capacity, consent and illegal and void contracts (Fitzroy Legal Service Inc, 2016). As per the Australian Contract Law, when a breach occurs in a contract, the damaged party can represent the issue to the court such as in the case of Joe as he violated the contract. Here, Frre Bros as per the contract law can issue for injunction in the court, which can help Frre Bros to prevent Joe from working with Pretty Pictures but does not allow personal services. Frre can further apply for remedies under the contract law through which Frre Bros can demand compensation to Joe for the damages suffered by the actor due to violation of the contract. Conclusion It can be said from the case scenario that Joe has violated the exclusive contract that was agreed between him and Frre Bros. As per the Australia Contract Law, Frre Bros can represent the issue in front of the court and can appeal for breach of contract against Joe, as he violated the rules or clauses after having the knowledge of entire terms and condition. Therefore, on the ground of conducted action by Joe, the Frre Bros can issue for injunction. Injunction can be seen as an instrument through which a contract between Joe and Pretty Pictures can be prevented, thus making Joe to complete his contract with Frre Bros initially. References Bennett, M 2012, Breach repudiation and terminating a contract, Legalwise Seminars, pp. 1-14. California State University 2016, How to brief a case using the IRAC method, Facts, pp. 1-2. Chamberlin, K. J 2014, Exclusive contracts and closed/open departments, Payment and Practice Management, pp. 1-2. Duhaime, L 2007, Part 8: Time limits, breach remedies, Law Topic, viewed 11 September 2015, https://www.duhaime.org/LegalResources/Contracts/LawArticle-93/Part-8-Time-Limits-Breach-Remedies.aspx Fitzroy Legal Service Inc 2016, Elements of contract, The Law Handbook 2016, viewed 11 September 2016, https://www.lawhandbook.org.au/07_01_02_elements_of_a_contract/ Grace, T. Grace, F. 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